Wusizang Nation(乌斯藏国):
In Chinese, it is pronounced as: Wū sī zàng guó，Written as:

The Wusizang Nation is a country that Tang Seng and his disciples pass through in the literary work “Journey to the West.” The famous Gao Lao Village is located within the borders of the Wusizang Nation, where the story of Zhu Bajie being subdued takes place. Historically, Wusizang referred to central and western Tibet and its western regions during China’s Yuan and Ming dynasties. In “Journey to the West,” the Wusizang Nation is a fictional realm created by the author.
Historically, the Wusizang Nation refers to a regime in what is today’s Tibetan region, typically referring to the Tubo Dynasty (approximately 7th to 9th century).
The Tubo Dynasty was a powerful dynasty established by Songtsen Gampo in the 7th century. Through military conquests and political marriages, Songtsen Gampo expanded his influence, unified various tribes, and established a strong government. During the reign of Songtsen Gampo and his successors, Tubo had close diplomatic and military interactions with the Tang Dynasty, various states in China’s Central Plains, and neighboring countries such as India and Nepal.
Wusizang is located on the Tibetan Plateau, which has a complex geographical environment, high altitudes, and harsh climatic conditions. This region includes today’s Tibet Autonomous Region and parts of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan. The Tubo period was a significant phase in the cultural development of Tibet, particularly with the introduction and growth of Buddhism. Songtsen Gampo’s marriages to Princess Bhrikuti of Nepal and Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty played crucial roles in the spread of Buddhism in Tubo. This period also saw the first translations of Buddhist scriptures into Tibetan, laying the foundation for Tibet’s Buddhist cultural history.
Tubo maintained friendly relations with the Tang Dynasty during certain periods, but there were also numerous military conflicts. A notable event was in 763 AD when Tubo forces captured Chang’an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Tubo’s military strength was formidable at its peak, controlling the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding vast regions.
The Tubo Dynasty gradually declined in the mid-9th century and eventually disintegrated in 842 AD due to internal strife and external pressures. This period began to be known as the “Post-Tubo period,” during which Tibet entered a state of fragmentation with multiple local regimes coexisting.
The Tubo period had a profound impact on the political, cultural, and religious development of Tibet. It laid the foundation for the later Tibetan cultural and religious traditions.