Mountain God(山神):
In Chinese, it is pronounced as: shān shén，Written as:

The Mountain God refers to a deity in folk beliefs and mythological legends deemed to govern the mountains. The image and functions of the Mountain God vary across different cultures and regions.
1. Mountain God in Chinese Culture: In traditional Chinese culture, the Mountain God is considered an Immortal overseeing the mountains and rivers, often worshiped alongside Tudigong (the Earth God) and the River God as local protectors. The belief in the Mountain God has a long history, tracing back to the Pre Qin Dynasty. Ancient texts such as the “Classic of Mountains and Seas” mention numerous legends about mountains and their deities. The Mountain God is usually believed to bless the land and water of an area, dispel Evil Spirits, and ensure the safety of people and livestock. In some places, the Mountain God is personified as the deity of a specific mountain, such as the gods of Mount Tai and Mount Hua, each often endowed with unique mythological stories and legends.
2. Worship and Belief: The Mountain God is often a central figure in worship activities. People worship the Mountain God on specific festivals or before significant events, praying for favorable weather, bountiful harvests, and overall well-being. In some regions, villagers establish temples at the foot or on the slopes of mountains, enshrining statues or plaques of the Mountain God and conducting regular rituals.
3. Image and Symbolism: The depiction of the Mountain God varies by location and culture; some are portrayed as majestic male figures, others as benevolent old men, and still others might take the form of women or animals. The Mountain God typically symbolizes the formidable power and stability of nature and represents a harmonious coexistence between nature and humanity.
4. Mountain Gods in Other Cultures: In Japan’s Shinto, the Mountain God (Yama-no-Kami) is also a significant Immortal, often considered a protector of agriculture and hunting. In Hinduism, the Mountain God holds a crucial position, with the Himalayas regarded as the abode of the divine.
Overall, the Mountain God is a part of nature worship, reflecting humanity’s awe of nature and reverence for mountains. Different cultures imbue the Mountain God with various meanings, but universally, it is seen as a vital bridge between nature and humanity.