Cause and Effect(因果):
In Chinese, it is pronounced as: yīn guǒ，Written as:

Cause and effect, derived from the Sanskrit hetu-phala, refers to the relationship between causes and results. Buddhism holds that all phenomena arise and disintegrate according to the principle of cause and effect. ‘Cause’ is what produces, and ‘effect’ is what is produced. Where there is a cause, there must be an effect, and where there is an effect, there must be a cause. The relationship between cause and effect is clear and evident. The ten realms of delusion and enlightenment are fundamentally relationships of cause and effect. For example, the external dust of worldly phenomena and the inner mind of sentient beings are mutually dependent. From the ignorance of beings arises the perception of self, this perception conditions the external objects, which in turn incite desires in sentient beings. Desire leads to wrongful actions, resulting in rebirth and suffering, which then further exacerbates ignorance. Each is both cause and effect, intertwined in a cycle of cause and effect.
The relationship of cause and effect is a significant topic in philosophical studies. Philosophers explore the nature of causality, whether it is a fundamental component of the world, and how it is perceived and understood by us. In scientific research, determining causality typically relies on experiments and observations. Scientists establish whether one factor is the cause of another result by controlling variables and observing changes. In statistics, methods such as causal inference and regression analysis are used to analyze causal relationships. In everyday life, people often base their reasoning and decision-making on cause and effect. For example, seeing dark clouds might indicate impending rain, leading people to decide to carry an umbrella.