Old Man of the South Pole(南极仙翁):
In Chinese, it is pronounced as: nán jí xiān wēng，Written as:

The Old Man of the South Pole, also known as the Longevity Star, is an Immortal in Chinese Taoism and folk beliefs, symbolizing longevity and blessed health. He holds a significant position in traditional culture, often grouped with the Happiness Star and Prosperity Star to form the Three Stars of Happiness, Prosperity, and Longevity, emblematic of a long life.
The image of the Old Man of the South Pole can be traced back to the ancient worship of stars. In traditional Chinese astronomy, Canopus is the second brightest star after Polaris, regarded as a symbol of longevity and auspiciousness. In Taoist beliefs, the Old Man of the South Pole is considered one of the Immortals who governs life spans, often associated with Taoism’s concept of Immortality.
The Old Man of the South Pole is typically depicted as an elderly man with white hair and a long beard, a kindly face, holding a walking stick, and is frequently accompanied by a crane or deer, symbolizing longevity and nobility. He is often portrayed with longevity peaches, cranes, and turtles, further reinforcing his image as the Longevity Star.
In Chinese folk culture, the Old Man of the South Pole is widely revered, and people often offer sacrifice to his paintings or statues during birthday celebrations, praying for longevity and health. His image also appears frequently in Chinese literary and artistic works, such as paintings, sculptures, and operas, symbolizing the aspiration for a good life. In some local birthday festivals, the image of the Old Man of the South Pole is used as a mascot, with elders and families praying for health and long life.
In some legends, the Old Man of the South Pole is regarded as the Longevity Star among the Three Stars of Happiness, Prosperity, and Longevity. He is said to have incarnated on earth as an old man, performing good deeds and helping people overcome difficulties. It is believed that the Old Man of the South Pole possesses the secret of Immortality, capable of granting followers the secrets to a long life, which adds to his mystical allure in folk beliefs.
As a symbol of longevity and happiness in traditional Chinese culture, the Old Man of the South Pole is deeply revered. He not only occupies an important place in Taoism but is also widely accepted in folk beliefs. The image of the Old Man of the South Pole conveys people’s beautiful hopes for longevity, health, and a happy life, and is perpetuated through various cultural forms, becoming an integral part of Chinese culture.